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Prehistory Unearthings
which have been done between 1931 and 1941op Java show that there about
600,000 years suffered a distant foreparents of people, the Meganthropus
palaeo-javanicus walked around, more known as Java people on this island. The Neolithicum Between 3500 and 2500 the passage between the mesolithicum and the neolithicum takes place. The nomad existence was given up and sophisticated agriculture techniques made it possible permanent on a spot to remain. One takes the development to that in this period of the terrace wise moored irrigation fields took place. Rice still no but taro was however cultivated, a type turnip plant. However, one knew dry construction. house animals as dogs did their entrance and the weave gear was developed. The foreparents of the Mentawai of Sumatra, Marand-Anim of Irian and the Timorese the Atoni came during the neolithicum from the Asian mainland to Indonesia. Of approximately 850 up to 700 v. chr. the foreparents of the Indonesian in Yunnan (Zuid-China) and the northeast part of vietnam and laos lived. Perhaps forced up by the peoples which took part in that time in the large transmigrations of Central Europe and the Balkans drew this group to the south. They knew a monumental art style with few ornamentiek. Of the most important impact of the contact with the Dongson a culture of vietnam was the import of wet constructionconstruction construction. This wet culture brought with itself that groups of people their nomads exist tasks, because maintaining the irrigation systems and treating the fields permanent presence vereistte. Buddhism and Hindoeism Immigrants from India brought with new religions such as Buddhism and the hindoeïsm with itself. Around 250 v. chr. Asjoka spread, the boasted king of India, the boedhhisme concerning Asia. From Ceylon the religion found gone to the south. Vaguely is however still by means of which gone Buddhism has come to the archipelago. Probably it Indonesian traders who the religion has imported, have been. That people from India has the hard way spread the belief concerning the islanders seems impossible. The oldest proof of the presence of the hindoeïsm in Indonesia forms has been found the Pallawatekst in Sanskrit on four stones yupa's (pill ears) that in Kalimantan. Around the year 1000 rise on Java and Sumatra kingdoms which trade with other areas in Asia. These kingdoms appeared have high educated culture which strongly stood under the influence of India. Sriwijaya Sjriwijaya were the first large state which has had the archipelago. This maritime power had mastered its basis in the south of Sumatra and of 7th up to the 12de centuries the trade in the Street of Malakka and Sunda. The Sailendra dynasty Approximately in the same period as the rise of the Sjriwijaya at Zuid-Sumatra arose richly there on Midden-Java vorstendommen do which for each other under did not wish in their construction zeal. The Borubudur are most known of the construction work which us have remained. The disproportionate monument at ere van boeddha has been built under the Sailendradynastie (760-820) in the 8th century. The old Mataram After the frost house Mataram had covered the Sailendras, the hindoeïstic temple complex has built Prambanan. Majapahit In the 10th century the power centre moved itself to the east, where it was founded in 1292 the kingdom Majapahit (1292-1453). At the time of this powerful kingdom were Buddhism and the hindoeism melted on Java already such with each other that the frosts supported a synthesis of both religions, mixed with the domestic animisme. Majapahit also dominated concerning complete Java and bali, and after the fall of Sriwijaya concerning South Sumatra. The influence of Majapahit also stretched itself from concerning other islands. At the beginning of the 15 centuries started crack the bases of richly under hostile very and internal argue. The Islam Islam took off its entry in the archipelago around the 11de centuries, then Arabië and Perzië dealers traded in the archipelago. The religion spread out himself rapidly from concerning Sumatra and Java. On bali however keep the Hindus religion up till today. Bali the sanctuary for the last prince of Majapahit and by Islam was dissipated the Hindu elite of Java. On Sumatra and Java our tones afterwards several Islamic principality such as the sultanaten of Aceh and Palembang on Sumatra and Mataram on Middle - Java. Mataram At the end of the 16th century rose again new Mataramse dynasty on the territory of old Hindoe dynasty in middle-Java. Although the new principality was Islamic it held to the old Mataramse court culture. From the beginning the largest part of Java richly could conquer, but in power was damaged by of the 17th century the Dutch who from Batavia operated. In 1755, Mataram were split up in two parts. The competing frosts established their courts in Solo and Yogyakarta. The arrival of the Europeans Marco polo arrived as a first European in 1292 on return trip from China on Sumatra. In 1512 the Portugeses' put foot to rampart on the molukken and in 1596 the Dutchmen West-Java reach. In spite of the fact that the Portugeses the firsts which on the islands of the archipelago conduct, were, it were the Dutch who there permanently could their authority concerning apply to let. Voc-schip. The VOC The success of the Dutch was thank to the association of several trade societies in the united Oostindische company, which in the course of three centuries evolved in a colonial power. THE VOC were the first multinational in the world, and the first society on shares. Apart from a short period of English predominance in the napoleontische time, the fruit could pick the Netherlands to the arrival of the Japaneses in 1942, of the wealth of the archipelago. In spite of the enormous aktiviteit of the VOC around the end of the 17th century (in 1670 had the society 123 Oostinjevaarders in the speed) remained the influence of the Dutch Java and the molukken small. The influence also set limits on those islands to the coast places with which direkt were floated. However, desired the VOC regularly supplies of the frosts and the lower accounts, the regents, of the coast areas which stood directly under Dutch authority. The partitioning of Mataram in second half of the 18th century confirmed the predominating dominant position of the Dutch. The faillisement of the VOC The VOC had in the 18th century especially have of the trade between the different islands and land in Asia, and this became in the course of years less and less profitable. Thank it thus partly to this, and to precious military operations and it has been not only much-discussed the corrupt behaviour of the VOC. civil servants that the trade body in 1799 eventual bankruptcy, was explained. The Dutch government decided vervolgens take over the property of the trade society. The Dutch state takes it concerning After the faillisement of the VOC it had been done with the independence of the native frosts. Marshal Daendels (1808-1811), first gouverneur-generaal, contemplative the frosts as vazallen and treated them also this way. More Dutch troops were sent to the area and insurrections were bloodily fallen down. The English Interregnum (1811-1816) When the Netherlands was incorporated by the french, United Kingdom occupied nederlands-Indië. The capacitance which Daendels continuator, general J.W. Janssens, against at that at Batavia landed could offer was small. On 17 September he capitulated in the buurt of Salatiga. During the relatively short period of the English tussenbewind numerous reforms were carried out, such as the institution of the country interest. This zeal comes entirely on account of thomas Stamford Raffles, the luitenant-generaal of Java which would found later singapore. The Dutch government as from 1816 In august 1816 the english returned the islands at treaty to the Netherlands. The Dutch government embroidered on political of Raffles and is Dutch predecessors. Colonial predominance as from this moment clear and painfully noticeable become for the indonesian population. One proceeded to levying high taxes. Consequence was that her broke out and of the insurrections against the government, which found eventually their climax in Java-oorlog that of 1825, up to 1830 lasted. By the Javanese woman prince Diponegoro conducted insurrection in Midden-Java cost Europeans living to 200,000 javanen and 8000. The cause of the Java war was an accumulation of summary offences against the Javanese woman adat by the Dutch government. Prince Diponegoro, who felt himself passed at opvolgingskwestie, got away in insurrection then the Dutch at tracing new the sepulchre of a saint violated. After long for meditating in a cave to the South coast of Java he proceeded to action. He let through the land-surveyor piles along in building are replaced lances and please to its volgelingen to proceed to the saint war; the Perang Sabil, against the Dutch. With a trick, one invited Diponegoro for negotiations, could the government take the prince eventually caught, with which the insurrection had break. The culture scheme By Java-oorlog were the economic problems with which the Dutch government had to contend enormously. In 1830, one took the decision to proceed to the notorious culture scheme. The Javanese woman villages had cultivates a part of their country (firstly 20 and later 33 percents) with export plants for the government. For these plants, particularly coffee, sugar and indigo, paid the Dutch a determined low price. For the Netherlands the setting-up of the scheme was, in a time that the wereldhandel attracted, a terrible success enormously. For the Javanese woman farmer meant it however bitter misery. Because he kept too little country to cultivate thousands of javanen own food died the hongersdood, whereas charged ship direction as from Java Europe left. Complete Java became a large labour camp in service of the Dutch Treasury. The period 1870-1920 After in 1870, the culture scheme was abolished, a new period in which the Netherlands India using Western knowledge and technique in a quick tempo wenstte to develop, break. The government aimed its energy at the outside districts, which had remained for a large part for the Dutch until then unknown area. On Sumatra large pieces oerwoud in tenant farming were given to European private entrepreneurs, who transformed the bush in rubber, tobacco and sugar plantations. The plantations In formal sense meant the agrarian law of 1870 an end of the culture scheme. Now wide job was made for ongebreideld liberalism. On Java meant this a extension of the agriculture ventures. With the end of the culture scheme and the opening of the indonesian market for private entrepreneurs the number of Dutch increased enormously in the archipelago. The year 1852 Dutch still 22,000 counted, in 1900, this number had already largely tripled. This was the consequence of the fact that the Dutch growers took along their family to India or after a number of to years let happen. Living in the colony In the beginning years of the VOC Dutch civil servants married often with domestic women, or lived together with Asian concubines. The children from these relations were incorporated in the European community. Later married the Dutchmen rather with women of mixed blood then with pure indonesian women. As from 1870, then the number of Dutch increased enormously because the new realms, the growers, their women from the Netherlands let happen, decreased the status of the Indian Dutch. All high places were held Dutch, they must manage itself with subordinate positions in the civil service. After 1920 a change steps in the colonial society. As from that time large numbers of of civil servants, necessary for by the ethical policy more complicated become internal came in governing board, the nederlands-Indië. The difference lay in this that these newcomers in contrast to the Europeans who had come for 1920, their families took along and as a result - apart from their house staff - had hardly contact with the indonesiërs. Their predecessors had this, however, because they were or of mixed blood or with native had married. Until the second world war these newcomers would will form the social bovenlaag of the society. Their isolated position contributed that one understood little of the nature of the domestic population, something what especially after the war would let apply oneself. The manner of life of the Dutch in the colony stood frequently in strident contrast with living in the Netherlands. The sigh to vertier was large, no penny was saved to externalities. In country houses provide with all freedoms one let serve itself by a complete regiment to house staff and measured oneself one a life style to where the old Romen would be been perhaps jealous on. Of course this at everyone this way, especially in the beginning lived the growers were not very sober and simply, but as the venture is throw off fruit started, one will zoeken the vertier in the large cities. Outside the house clerks one hardly maintained contact with the local population. The gap between the Dutch and the indonesiërs grew steadily and only weinigen had eye for the piteous circumstances in which the indonesian population lived. In fact one did not wish unsew to the status quo, aware the education to the javanen on a low pitje was kept. What concerns that abolishing had a little improved of the culture scheme to the position of the Javanese woman farmer. Still he had pay country interest and by a fast population growth mouths had be there more and more fed. Eventually were it the Dutch in the mother country, and not the colony eels, which prerecordings for the indonesiërs. The government decided investments in the education, the health care, the agriculture and the infrastructure in nederlands-Indië. Rise of Nationalism In 1912, the Sarekat Islam were set up Javanese woman kooplieden. In 1917, the Volksraad were established, which a spreekbuis of the wishes of the Indian burgerij had become. Under the chairmanship of Sukarno in 1927, the Partai Nasionalis Indonesia (PNI) were set up. Sukarno and monddood were made by giving house judgment them or in prison camps far from the inhabited world to place type-enjoyed. The second world war On 11 January 1942 the first Japanese troops on Dutch-Dutch-Indian territory landed. The attack Oost-Borneo started and in the Minahasa in Noord-Sulawesi in. In their fight against the Japaneses the Dutch found oneself in the assumption that their capacitance would be appreciated by the indonesian population, and that by this fight their authority concerning the archipelago would be legitimised. Nothing proved be less. By letting run to their invasion lines of island to island, of the Fillipijnen to indo-China, of borneo to malakka and sulawesi and of Sumatra to Java and the most important allied attack bases with only one quarter of their army legersterkte, succeeded the Japaneses allied eliminate fighting strength in the distant east in 122 days. The battle in the Java sea The battle in the Java sea for the Dutch a tragedy of the first order will become. In advance was certain already that the Dutch and bondgenootschappelijk smaldeel in this sea fighting would come off worst against the Japanese invasion power. But vice-admiral Conrad Helfrich, the constituent to the attack realised already too well that the fight against Japan could never won without aid of American and British fleet entities; aid which after Pearl Harbour and the fall of singapore could be hardly ordered. To that he nevertheless commissioned to the attack originated probable from the idea that the colonial bewind is look among the indonesian people would lose when the rising sun bumps without battle or above the archipelago would fly. With the battle in the Java sea and the capitulation of Java-leger, events which took place within ten days time, in fact an end came to colonial predominance. General Douglas Mac Arthur called to its destiny leave of nederlands-Indië of the largest mistakes of the war. The Japaneses worked from the beginning of the bezetting hard for the realisation of?Groot prosperity environment?. All Western (Dutch) influences had be banned. The Dutch and Indo-Europeanen were locked up in camps. During the bezetting the nationalists had initially little input. Them they got their chance just then the Japaneses realised that they could no longer win the war. On 7 September 1944 of that year Japan put the indonesiërs the independence of their country in the expectancy. In the same month since April 1942 prohibited Indonesia Raya (volkslied) could it have become sung and the indonesian flag is hoisted. The independence war The islands of the archipelago have had in the past always narrow contact with each other. Especially the coast occupants of several islands show large agreements in uses and rituals. After 1300 reinforced Islam the common link in the archipelago. Beside the old vorstendommen of Java and Sumatra especially the Dutch ensured that the administrative entity which Indonesia is now was formed. During the independence war the different islands were brought together automatically in their fight against the common enemy. Sukarno, the first president of the Republik Indonesia Formeel has existed the republic since 17 augusts 1945th Sukarno and Hatta proclaimed then independence as from a papiertje with 2 rules as from the veranda of Sukarno's house. Thanks to reported of some rules in the general trade booklet the Netherlands heard a month later of the proclamatie. However still four long years of fight would precede before to the Dutch let their revendication on the former kolonieëen sail. Just in December 1949 there really talk of a sovereign indonesian state was. The Japanese troops which were in charge after dispossession still in the archipelago had ensure that the order rests and gehandhaaft remain to geallieerden the governing board will take over. The Japaneses had effort with the maintenance of the status quo and the order then on 19 September on the king square called an enormous mob for Sukarno and Hatta. Sukarno's mastered action and the vastberadenheid of the population beindrukte the english who there were present. In September 45 the English bevelhebber in Surabaja was killed. These Indonesia on the card of the verse put set up UN. Beginning October could the first Dutch plane of geallieerden on Java land. To border zat dr van Mook. Between November 1945 and March 1946 conducted the Netherlands are first offensive actions from. Lombok, bali, banka and pulau Weh were occupied. The Malino conference In July 1946 the Dutch on the conference of Malino (South-Sulawesi) the proposal subdivide Indonesia, with exception of republican area made on Java and Sumatra, in states. For many niet-Javaanse nationalists were this no bad alternative for Sukarno?s republic. After the conference gouverneur-generaal Van could start Mook from a stronger position to the further negotiations with the republicans. The agreement of Linggadjati On 12 November West-Java reached a provisional agreement with the republic of Mook at Linggadjati on. The Netherlands the authority of the republic on Java and Sumatra?de facto? recognise and the republic went agreed with the shaping of a federative Indonesia, which in the form of?Unie? a link with the Netherlands would continue keep. Because both parties in their heart something complete differently savages, the treaty would not keep long score. In their heart both parties very differently, and did not feel them limits himself by the agreement in the Netherlands it wants something to be appreciated that Sukarno were getuige of the agreement of Linggardjati. At the end of the same year on Dutch initiative the state Oost-Indonesië was exclaimed, with makassar as a capital. The situation around the capital was however far from rosy. Anti-Nederlandse the guerrilla?s forced and threatened even conquer makassar. The state of war was exclaimed and captain westerling got the task rebellen to disarm and the Dutch authority to repair. The action of this officerofficer officer and is 123 man counting depot special troops war crime of the first order has been. The police actions Soekarno and his stafofficieren - painting in the kraton of jogjakarta © Travelmarker ReizenHet acts of the Dutch troops in the archipelago by the Dutch government was sold as a military operation to convalescence of the safety and security. Because a direct attack on Jogyakarta, the government centre of the republicans was not appropriate, whole in the postiche, it was chosen for economic aims. The operation, which was aimed those parts of Java where to conquer the most important rice plantations, plantations and factories layers, got the appropriate code name ' product '. On 17 and 18 July 1947 in the Dutch council of ministers the decision was taken operation to ` product to carry out. On the police actions, which were for the Dutch a success, came much critical from the rest of the world. Especially because of these constant criticism decided the Netherlands is let sail to claim on its former colony. The souvereiniteitsoverdracht In December 1949 the souvereiniteitsoverdracht to the states took place according to Dutch reading, which according to the indonesiërs meant the recognition of independence already exclaimed. Sulawesi it was incorporated in the state Oost-Indonesië. On 17 augusts 1950 the United States of Indonesia place for the entity state Republik Indonesia made. The state Oost-Indonesië was raised and sulawesi in the republic Indonesia was incorporated. Indonesia after 1949 With the end of the police action and the transfer of sovereignty it became not more quietly in the archipelago. In 1950, took place everywhere in Indonesia?Darul Islam?-opstanden. During the independence war the fundamentalist Darul Islam (house of Islam) had fought hard against the Dutch. The movement propagated the ideal of an Islamic state. The Islamic nationalists had embittered then Islam no state religion became in the new Indonesia. Beside dissatisfied Moslems it had been also resisted there of local machthebbers. Connection at the republic meant in the eyes of a number of local machthebbers only one machtswisseling between the Netherlands and Java. For regions which had a preference treatment in the colonial period enjoy meant this a clear deterioration. Especially the Minahassers refused obey to president Sukarno. After the establishment of the PRRI, the tegenregering, in Padang (Sumatra) on 15 February 1958 Sukarno?s had been tolerated on and break a civil war. Soekarno concentrated on in the gareel get of the insurrectionists in Sumatra, but let also Manado on sulawesi bombard. By the end of April proceeded the insurrectionist to a counteroffensive. Five places in the archipelago became what ` ongeidentificeerde planes? were called bombarded. These of the Philippines had taken off and after a shot down pilot American nationality appeared, have accused Sukarno the PRRI of accepting foreign aid. After a a little successful guerrilla fight the rebellen on Noord-Sulawesi in 1961, delivered themselves. Sukarno's conducted democracy After the power transfer the incredible number of 170 parties and parties took part in parliamentary democracy. To this end the KPI, which were with three millions members on two after largest communist party in the world, belonged. That this could go not well vele each other briefly succeeding governments, existing from each time several koalities proved. In 1957, Sukarno abolished parliamentary democracy. It was according to him time for the Demokrasi terpimpin; conducted democracy. Still the conducted democracy on the indonesian policy applies. It differs in this from parliamentary democracies from the west which do not decide by majority votes are adopted, but ' musjawara ' and ' mufakat ', right to the old dorpsdemokratie. It is striking that the Communists in the vijftiger and zestiger did not address years direkt the basis, the poor farmers, but zochten support for their ideas at the headman. Also they, that must traditionally appeleren to the class conscience of never oppressed in the society at donders good that the Javanese woman farmer in would go against the wishes of the headman. 1965: The Year or living Dangerously In the night of 30 September on 1 October 1965 in Jakarta 6 generals of the country power by their political antagonists were assassinated. At the massacre also staying relatives of another general left the five-year-old dochtertje of general Nasution and two living. Assassination was a spark in a kruitvat. The official version sounds that the coup was a communist coup, but abroad weinigen believe in this still. Most of the members of the PKI (Partai Kommunis Indonesia) knew of nothing and probable the coup no coup against Sukarno, but a badly prepared attempt had been planned protect him against an assumed coup of its own army control. Anyway the coup was the inevitable bankruptcy of Nasakom, the doctrine declared by Sukarno in which the nationalists, godsdienstigen and Communists had cooperate politically. Generaal-Majoor Suharto, the commander of the strategic reserve, the coup had fallen down 24 hours. According to some historians he had concealed foreknowledge concerning the coup and then the generals, are just intervened most important military competitors, had been assassinated. At the same time the coup was seized to make an end once and for all to the PKI. The army, assisted by Islamic doodseskaders, massacred within a half year 500,000 up to 2 millions alleged Communists. The Chinezen had been very pleased also a target during the massacres, especially because at them much could be obtained. Old accounts, which nothing with policy of to do had, were settled during this mass assassination. Suharto forced to Sukarno transfer the power to him, which happened in 1967. The
era Suharto Suharto, The failed ' communist ' coup meant the end for Sukarno, and the beginning of the long power period of Suharto. By Sukarno Indonesia in an isolated position gemanouvreerd drove out and to the edge of an economic abyss have been this way brought from the uno and political of ` Konfrontasi had. Suharto's head aims have been from the beginning finished to the political and economic consolidation of the country. In the wide thirty years that the president in function has been, has he everyone whom for him a threat formed, therefore also possible continuators, off-side put. Although there much can to the way he bewind has conducted be commented, and then particularly in the field of human rights and cronyism, cannot be denied that he means very much for Indonesia has. Azië-crisis, and paired going economic discomfort in Indonesia, meant the end of the economic growth of the country and the end of Suharto. The new order By making the country attractive for foreign investors the new order it has done in economic area very well. At the end of the period Suharto the order Baru was for a long time not new more, and stopped it by its paternalism and favouring a select group intimi (Chinese zakenlieden and the family and friends of Suharto) a further flowering of the country. Although the average per capita income ahead with jumps had gone, the gap between poor and realm had remained and had been even broadened. Suharto stipulated how much vote to the permitted opposition parties went and with how much votes Golkar, its party, would will win. The only function of the elections was in the presence of the World Bank and investors show that Indonesia was a democratic country. To critical, even building, it was paniekerig reacted. People who let hear too critical sounds were generally labelled by the government as a Communist and were locked up. The top saw nothing in contracting the badly needed dialogue with several stromingen of andersdenkenden in the society. Suharto did not dare, frightened resign that he who of the tiger descend by it opgegeten will become. It became because of this with the day more difficult a smooth bring about passage to post-Suharto an era. Indonesia after Suharto With the disappearance of the hard hand of the dictator all kinds of spirits came from the bottle. Of the entity in mixture remained after to babble between Christians and Moslems on the molukken and other islands little. Wahid, the first really democratically chosen president, were less energetic than its predecessor, mainly because he zocht solutions with democratic resources for chaos which had left behind Suharto. In July 2001 he was voted down because of alleged fraud by the parliament and was replaced Megawati Sukarnoputri, the vice-president and for the of Sukarno, the first president of the country. What they for Indonesia meant remains a riddle. Really energetic she does not seem, and its tangle with the army is large. It seems therefore that with its coming forward aantreden to the crumbling of the power of the army - Wahid in pace put - an end has come. Although Indonesia is the last years sometimes negative in the news (molukken) and the bomb attack on bali can you there still very well travel. In December of 2004 Sumatra, and particularly the province were found Aceh, heavily by the vloedgolf as a result of a sea tremor for the coast. The sea tremor was this way violent that the vloegolf kill also much and an enormous damage on Thai islands in the Andamaanse sea, Sri resulted in Lanka, India and the East coast from Africa. Flatter the most deads however on Sumatra to regret. (Source: Internet) Mas Mio Wayang: Wajang, means shade (schim) or spirit and has a deep rooted culture. Wajangpoppen are splendid expressions of Javanese woman art. It are no images of people. It are shade headstocks which must let people end up well almost possible in the flat area. For this reason the headstocks have been also reflected of aside with elongated, stylised ledematen and body and with stereotype characteristics for eye, nose, mouth, fingers and feet. The colours of the wajangpoppen are of clear colours, which do gold, black or lichtrode body end up clearly. To in the smallest detail the bodies uitgebeiteld are. For the strengthening the headstock has a back edge of buffalo horn which runs down and in a handle finishes. This handle is put in a banana tribe. The dunnen poor are possible further separately turns at the shoulder and elbow using a long rod of buffalo horn. Which makes the wajangpop valuable the portrayal of the character is, their Wanda. The Wanda give to each wajangpop a separately unique individuality. Wajang kulit Wajang kulit is a schimmenspel of the wajangpoppen. Their shade is thrown against a lighted baffle. Light by blèncong it is lighted. Former was this copper an oil lamp heals, in the form of garuda. The wajang kulit returns to a past, where the schimmen of the voorouders are brought by a priest to life. Initially the wayangvoorstelling were only presented at occasions as a besnijdenis, oogstfeest, marriage, lettuce going examinations or a bezwering against an epidemic. This was done because of the purifying and kwaadwerende functioning. Nowadays the religious meaning of the wajang on the context has touched. The wajang that thanks its implementation to the heldendichten, wajang purwa is called (old wajang). This traditional implementation takes place always at night. The schouwspel has been subdivided in dozens wound up episodes. These lakon are called. Every lakon are being independent tale. By evening lakon are shown. Behind the dalang the orchestra stands, the gamelan. Gamelan has an important function at the wajangvoorstelling. Wajang prevents kulit both on Java and on bali. On bali one distinguishes the perwa and wajang rama. The poppenvorm assist here still dense which of the oudjavaanse temple relief. On Java one knows the wajang kelitik. Is used flat houten headstocks. At the kelitik no baffle is used. To the uitgebeelde to recover during the wajang its Javanese woman recovers who takes place to kelitik. The wajang golek is the game with the rondhouten stick headstocks. Beside that these also in the middle of - and Oost-Java occur, it is the more wajangvorm of the sudanezen in West-Java. This game is also played without baffle, both by day and at night. Possibly the oldest wajangvorm, the wajang bèbèr is. The scenes have been prepared at the bèbèr painted on role paper. During the tentoonstelling the dalang scene for scene rolls off and tells thereby the tale. And pictures masked actors the wajangfiguren. These prevent form nearly everywhere as volksspel, the kratons and on the stage. From these wajangvorm the wajang wong, or wajang orang are, ontstaan. Pictures human characters the wajangfiguren. These form have started in the previous century as a court art and became popular outside the kratons. (Source: Internet) Mas Mio |